Group+1

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[|Group 1 Dabble Board]

__PROTIST LAB__

__Part A: Photosynthetic Protists (Algae)__ -Analysis & Pictures ALL PICTURES WERE TAKEN ON 400X MAGNIFICATION

1. Oedogonium cardiacum a. This organism is a freshwater protist and did not seem to move very much at all under the microscope. If they do (or did) move, it would not be through the use of flagella since they are not equipped with flagella. b. They seem to be independent of one other and not concerned with interacting other organisms, therefore not engaging in colonial behavior. c. They make their food using the energy from the sun because they are photoautotrophic. d. Based on their food source, they would be in the algae-like protist, or chlorophyta phylum. e. It does not appear that they are reproducing, but they do reproduce with the same species of the opposite sex through genetic conjugation. Nice job on this one. Your answers are fine and labeling good. K Cassidy

2. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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 a. Chlamydomonas do not have flagella as a method of movement, so if they move, it would be as a colony. Moves with the help of two anterior flagella KCassidy  =====  b. They interact with other organisms of the same species, exhibiting colonial behavior patterns. They also reproduce through the fusing of two distinct types of chlamydomonas. c. These organisms are unique because they can be both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic depending on the circumstances. d. Even though they can produce food in both light and dark situations, they are in the algae-like protist, and can be classified in the chlorophyta phylum. e. It did not appear that they were reproducing, but they have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. This group also does have flagella! K Cassidy 3. Pandorina sp. a. Like most algae, Pandorina do not have flagella because they do not need to move in the water, so if they move, it is as a colony. b. These types of cells form colonies in groups of 4, having up to 32 cells per colony. c. In order to eat, they produce food by being a photoautotroph and using light energy from the sun. d. Because of their photoautotrophic nature and green color, they would be classified in the chlorophyta phylum. e. We could not visually tell if the organism was reproducing, but it could have very easily been doing so since it has the capability to reproduce by cell division (asexual) or by isogamy (sexual). 4. Gonium sp. a. They move together as colonies because they are not equipped with flagella. b. They work together because of their colonial organization and reproduce with one another in their colonies of 16 or 8 cells. c. Like most of the other protists, they are photoautotrophic and make their food through light. d. Gonium would be in the chlorophyta phylum because of their photoautotrophic nature. e. It is likely that they were reproducing because they can reproduce asexually through the division of cells or sexually through isogamy.

5. Ulothrix sp. a. Ulothrix sp. moves with the liquid it is in because it does not have flagella. b. They are not colonial in behavior; therefore they do not interact with each other often, except to reproduce. c. They are photoautotrophic and make their food through the energy in light. d. Based on their photoautotrophic nature, they would be in the algae-like, or chlorophyta phylum. e. They most likely reproduce sexually through genetic conjugation.

6. Eudorina sp. a. They move as a colony because they are not flagellated. Once again yes they do have flagella. KC b. Because they exhibit colonial behavior, they obviously depend on each other. c. Like most protists, they are photoautotrophic and make their food through light. d. Because they are photoautotrophic, they would be in the chlorophyta phylum of the protist family. e. They are probably reproducing because of their ability to reproduce asexually. 7. Oscillatoria amoena a. They exhibit colonial behavior and move together because they are not flagellated. b. Because they live in colonies, they depend on the other cells in their colony for support. c. They make their food using the energy in light; they are photoautotrophic. d. Due to the fact they use the sun for food and their green color, they would also be in the chlorophyta phylum of the protist kingdom. e. They would reproduce using asexual reproduction like cell division to make daughter cells. 8. Cladophora sp. a. Cladophora move based on the environment they are in because they do not have flagella to move on their own. b. They do not depend on one another for support like a colony does; they are individual cells that are self-sufficient. c. Like many other protists, they are photoautotrophic and depend on light for food. d. Due to their photoautotrophic nature, they would be in the chlorophyta phylum. e. It did not appear to be reproducing at the time it was examined under the microscope. 9. Chlorella sp. a. Like most algae, they do not have flagella and move based on the environment they are in. b. This species is unicellular in nature and are more independent then they are concerned with other cells. c. They make their food by using the light from the sun; they are photoautotrophic. d. Due to their photoautotrophic nature, they would be in the chlorophyta phylum. e. It did not appear to be reproducing when it was viewed under the microscope.

10. Volvox aureus a. Volvox aureus is unique because this species is equipped with flagella as well as being colonial in nature. Their flagella help propell them through the water. b. This species of protist is found in colonies that travel together and interact frequently. c. Like most protists, this species makes their food by using the light energy from the sun. Therefore, they are photoautotrophic. d. Because this species has flagella, they could be termed flagellates. Due to their photoautotrophic nature and green pigment, they are found in the chlorophyta pylum. e. As labeled on the photo, there are asexual daughter colonies on the surface of the volvox which led us to conclude that they were reproducing at the time they were viewed under the microscope.



11. Spirogyra sp. a. This species of protist is not flagellated and moves subject to the freshwater environment it is in. b. Spirogyra sp. is a colonial protist and travels and lives with its species. c. Like most protists, they are photoautotrophic and make their food through the use of sunlight. d. Because of their green color and photoautotrophic nature, they are in the chlorophyta phylum. e. It did not appear to be reproducing at the time it was viewed under the microscope but it can reproduce both asexually and sexually.

Note: Are you sure this is a Eugelna? Check out others photos. K C 12. Euglena sp. a. Euglena are equipped with flagella to help them move throughout their environment. b. This species of protist is unicellular does not interact with one another very much at all. c. Unlike most of the other protists in this lab, this species can be both photoautotrophic or heterotrophic. Its heterotrophic nature can be marked by the endosomes found in its anatomy. d. Euglena would be found in the euglenophyta phylum. e. It did not appear to be reproducing at the time it was being viewed under the microscope.

Part B: Non-Photosynthetic Protista (Protozoa) First Preying Set A. Chaos chaos a. Chaos is able to move because it is equipped with pseudopods, or appendage-like extensions of the cytoplasm. b. This species of chaos were never seen in the same environment, but if they were, they would probably not interact very much, but it is possible that they would prey on each other or just fuse together to form one big mass. c. It eats by enclosing its food in its pseudopods and then encorporating the organism into its cytoplasm after digesting it. d. Chaos if found in the phylum sarcodina, noticeable by its pseudopodia. e. It only reproduces asexually.  B. Didinium a. Didinium moves through the use of pectinellae, two ciliary bands. These bands propel didinium through the water in a rotating motion. b. We did not see them interact with each other at all. c. When it eats, it consumes the food through a "mouth" opening at the anterior end of the cell. d. Didinium is found in the phylum ciliophora. e. It can reproduce asexually through binary fission, or sexually through conjugation.  C. Euglena SEE ABOVE IN PART 1 FOR ANSWERS TO ANALYSIS QUESTIONS REGARDING EUGLENA.  D. Paramecium

a. Paramecium are covered in cilia and use them to move in a twisted, corkscrew-like motion. b. When in contact with other paramecium, they tend to run into each other and then immediately back up until they can maneuver around one another. c. The paramecium is a heterotroph and preys on other organisms to get its food. When it eats, it catches food with the cilia around its oral groove and guides it to the heart of the oral groove to be digested through phagocytosis. d. Paramecium is found in the phylum Ciliophora. e. Like other protists, paramecium can reproduce both asexually (cell division) and sexually (conjugation). <span class="wiki_link_ext"> Second Preying Set <span class="wiki_link_ext">A. Amoeba proteus <span class="wiki_link_ext"> a. Amoeba move through the use of their pseudopods. b. There was never a time when there was more than one amoeba under the microscope to see how they interacted. c. To eat, an amoeba surrounds its prey with its pseudopods and forces it into its cytoplasm to be digested. d. Amoeba are in the phylum Sarcodina. e. They were not observed to be reproducing, but they do reproduce asexually. They do this through mitosis and cytokinesis.

<span class="wiki_link_ext">B. Spirogyra SEE ABOVE IN PART 1 FOR ANSWERS TO ANALYSIS QUESTIONS REGARDING SPIROGYRA.

Conclusion: After doing the second part of the lab, we found that didinium preys on paramecium, paramecium preys on euglena, and amoeba preys on euglena and paramecium. The paramecium consume their prey through an oral groove that is lined with cilia. The cilia aid the paramecium because they catch food and usher it into the oral groove to be consumed. As mentioned above, the amoeba has pseudopods that wrap themselves around the prey and pull it into the cytoplasm to be digested. The didinium consumed the paramecium through an opening on its anterior end that functions as a mouth. Grade: Photos good, with the possible exception of euglena. Some facts off. Nice write up in general. 92/100